2013-12-27

Yakov Raitsin

In the most exist buildings is used the process of continuous cleaning. The buildings have following deficiencies:1 the effect of cleaning reduced in the time of the peak load, 2 activated sludge when the temperature raised to 40 C of wastewater reduced the active, decreased to +10 C did perish; 3 in the cleaning process is made surplus the activated sludge; 4 possible contact with the surface of the flying insects.

2010-05-12

GENRIKH S. VARTANYAN

Prospecting on and extraction of oil and gas from deep set layers are endangered by technologic and environmental risks that may cause large scale disruption of the complicated and expensive industry.

Risks of catastrophes are multiplied in case when works are connected with oil (gas) fields at the sea or ocean bottom.

Besides technological factors especially dangerous ones are geodynamic processes that control fast (in real time) variations of stress-strain field and changes vertical and horizontal movements of geological formations.

The global stress field is very sensitive to strong disturbances of its state in any spots of the Earth that can be registered as micro-strains by specially developed methods and technologies.

2010-01-17

Leonard Ghelphand

Between 1950 and 1970 the former Soviet Union underwent a rapid growth of mass prefabri­cated urban construction, which, although the technical policies were not sufficiently unified, to a great extent enabled the acute housing crisis in the country to be solved. This led to a number of serial projects of blocks of flats with few architectural differences, but a variety of non-unified parame­ters for layout and design, chosen according to the required degree of safety and cost-effective­ness. The absence of standardization of the basic construction parameters resulted in theautono­mous development of each range, causing a dramatic increase in the overall quantity of typical dimen­sions of each member. This gave rise to a paradoxically unfavorable situation for the construction indus­try on the one hand, which was more effective in conditions of mass production of a minimal nomencla­ture of structural elements, and was forced to produce them in small batches each corresponding to a huge quantity of different grades, and on the other hand for the consumers who were interested in the diver­sity of the final product (buildings and premises), but had to make do with the meager selection that was offered them. Although the architectural poverty is obvious at first glance, the safety of the load-bearing systems is only revealed by analysis, building, operation of the structure and inspection (and also by accidents and earthquakes). As for the cost-effectiveness of the structure under the social­ist system, they are of a fairly conventional character and do not fully reflect the real correlation be­tween the expenses and their conformity to the operational and aesthetic quality of the structures achieved. Russia's transition to a market economy, which aspires to a dynamic equilibrium of the mone­tary-commodity relationship in its final stage, at first, enabled the disproportion between the cost price and the market price of property to increase. This led to a redistribution of resources. The State financ­ing of large-scale industrial construction dropped sharply, whilst there was a considerable in­crease in private financing for the less economical and less industrial construction of prestigious build­ings, individual "cottages" and private residences (often like palaces), as well as in the ama­teur building of rural dwellings (as good as shacks for their comfort and architecture), and "da­chas" (as a rule far from Moscow, but sometimes for their comfort and architecture not far off from dogs' kennels).

Thus architecture, the most objective form of art, reflects the social and economic stratifica­tion process which is taking place in the country (it had been going on even earlier, only was usually con­cealed behind silent walls).

Along with the destructive phrase: "Peace with the slums, war on the palaces!” it would be more sensible to follow the slogan of Mao Dzedun: "May all the flowers bloom!"  However, earthquakes preferred destroy mainly the low slums,but not the palaces, weeds propagate themselves, Mao andother dictators preferred to shortenfirst of all the highest flowers (by cutting their heads).

Author of this article, to bi “christened” to “large panel buildings protector” by the earthquakes in Tashkent 1966, had began to make attempts for protecting as “the slums” so “the palaces” (not only of large panels) from failures by earthquakes, accidents and terrorist’s acts.

In the USSR “all the flowersbloomed” in buildings constructions sphere, except large panel buildings with height more 5 stories in high seismic active zones.

On the base of analyze experience receiving in Tashkent, consequences of numerous other earthquakes and accidents, scientific and technical information author attempted to lead himself “selection” from different constructive “flowers” for application in high seismic active zones. In result, it was decision, to accept exactly unauthorized large panel structural system for construction multistory buildings in condition of mass construction in high seismic active zones of the USSR. Though employed large panel buildings technical solutions of prefabricated elements, joints und bindings didn’t for providing a perception of high seismic stresses.    

For leading theoretical investigations on mathematicians models author was necessitated to work out calculate method and program automatic calculations for buildings fragments (by help mathematics Naum Lebedinsky and Aleksey Kuzmin) with regard unelastic deformations large panel structures (from elastic stage work of statically indeterminate system to transformation it to mechanism) by stress of strong horizontal forces.

There were exposed great influence horizontal joints opening and cracks formation in flat arches on interworking bearing system elements and onchanges of building’s dynamical parameters.

 For the first time In the end of 60-th and beginning of 70-th it was worked out principal new large panel buildings constructions, including reinforced concrete flat elements, precast and cast-in-situ joints and space structures, formed by them, that provide the best conditions for three-dimensional collaboration all elements of bearing systems by high earthquakes.For that it was proposed to fabricate all panels with corrugated lateral edges and to place in cavity, formed by them, main continuous vertical and some horizontal armature and following monolith them by fine-grained concrete. After conducting some laboratory tests of buildings large scale models, elements and joint fragments on a natural scale there were formed albums technical solutions of elements, joints and most reasonable space structures concerning (without patenting) that were send round scientific and design institutes, occupied with seismic resisting buildings.

2008-04-02   

GENRIKH S. VARTANYAN  

The paper presents basic information on the concept of Earth’s Endo-Drainage System (EDS). Mechanisms that govern interconnection between the EDS evolution and seismic processes are discussed.

2007-01-12

Ernst Zaltsberg  David Grant Smith

The Glenridge Quarry Landfill Site is located in the southern part of the City of St. Catharines and surrounded by residential and institutional areas. The Landfill is situated in a former quarry and bounded by the Niagara Escarpment and Glenridge Avenue to the north, institutional properties to the west, St. David’s Road (Regional Road 71) to the south, and Brock University’s property to the east. The residential area is located north of the landfill, at the base of the Escarpment. The total site area is 44.6ha including the 17.4ha landfilling area (Fig.1). The landfill was operational for 25 years until 2001, when it reached the approved contours and was closed.

2003-10-01

Rimma Vedom, Ph. D.

This paper covers an attempt to apply the separated flow approach to water quality assessment. Separation of flow implies adequate allocation of the polluting sources in time and space.